AEX-Based Vaccines

Physical and biological elements arising from underlying disease cause and perpetuate ascites, creating an environment that aids in the spread of the illness. Ascites cell components share information with one another via secreting and exchanging exosomes, as well as by using soluble substances such proteins, metabolites, and cytokines. Exosomes formed from ascetic cells in individuals with malignant cancer are known as ascitic cell-derived exosomes, or AEX.

They can travel throughout the body and carry donor cell molecular signatures, which may allow them to transmit information across cells and change the expression of certain genes in recipient cells. Cellular interactions with exosomal molecules, such as mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins (such as adhesion molecules and heat shock proteins [HSPs]), can trigger a wide range of pathways. Moreover, research has demonstrated that exosomes include carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and a variety of immunomodulatory markers.

Exosomes can contain a variety of cellular proteins, such as MHC molecules, tetraspanins, adhesion molecules, and metalloproteinases, which may differ from proteins that are typically found in the plasma membrane depending on their biological origin. According to recent data, AEX treatment may lead to the development of innovative nanoscale immunotherapy cancer treatments by enhancing the immune system’s capacity to identify and eliminate cancerous cells. Furthermore, 40 advanced stage patients received a subcutaneous injection of autologous AEX once a week for a total of four weeks, either in conjunction with recombinant GM-CSF or alone. This was a phase I clinical trial for colorectal cancer. It implies that immunization against AEX is practicable, secure, and well-tolerated.

For more: Ascetic Cell-Derived EVs-Based Vaccine

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